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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kitaj |
| Genitive: | kitajə̑n |
| Dative: | kitajlan |
| Accusative: | kitajə̑m |
| Comparative: | kitajla |
| Comitative: | kitajge |
| Inessive: | kitajə̑šte |
| Illative: | kitajə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kitaješ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kitajem |
| 2SG: | kitajet |
| 3SG: | kitajže |
| 1PL: | kitajna |
| 2PL: | kitajda |
| 3PL: | kitajə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kitaj-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kitaj-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kitajla |
| Sociative Plural: | kitajmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kitajem | kitaj-βlak | kitaj-βlakem, kitajem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kitajemə̑n | kitaj-βlakə̑n | kitaj-βlakemə̑n, kitajem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kitajemlan, kitajlanem | kitaj-βlaklan | kitaj-βlakemlan, kitajem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kitajemə̑m | kitaj-βlakə̑m | kitaj-βlakemə̑m, kitajem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kitajemla, kitajlam | kitaj-βlakla | kitaj-βlakemla, kitajem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kitajemge | kitaj-βlakge | kitaj-βlakemge, kitajem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kitajə̑štem | kitaj-βlakə̑šte | kitaj-βlakə̑štem, kitajem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kitajə̑škem | kitaj-βlakə̑š(ke) | kitaj-βlakə̑škem, kitajem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kitaješem | kitaj-βlakeš | kitaj-βlakešem, kitajem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||