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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kišan |
| Genitive: | kišanə̑n |
| Dative: | kišanlan |
| Accusative: | kišanə̑m |
| Comparative: | kišanla |
| Comitative: | kišange |
| Inessive: | kišanə̑šte |
| Illative: | kišanə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kišaneš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kišanem |
| 2SG: | kišanet |
| 3SG: | kišanže |
| 1PL: | kišanna |
| 2PL: | kišanda |
| 3PL: | kišanə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kišan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kišan-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kišanla |
| Sociative Plural: | kišanmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kišanem | kišan-βlak | kišan-βlakem, kišanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kišanemə̑n | kišan-βlakə̑n | kišan-βlakemə̑n, kišanem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kišanemlan, kišanlanem | kišan-βlaklan | kišan-βlakemlan, kišanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kišanemə̑m | kišan-βlakə̑m | kišan-βlakemə̑m, kišanem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kišanemla, kišanlam | kišan-βlakla | kišan-βlakemla, kišanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kišanemge | kišan-βlakge | kišan-βlakemge, kišanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kišanə̑štem | kišan-βlakə̑šte | kišan-βlakə̑štem, kišanem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kišanə̑škem | kišan-βlakə̑š(ke) | kišan-βlakə̑škem, kišanem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kišanešem | kišan-βlakeš | kišan-βlakešem, kišanem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||