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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | knaga |
| Genitive: | knagan |
| Dative: | knagalan |
| Accusative: | knagam |
| Comparative: | knagala |
| Comitative: | knagage |
| Inessive: | knagaʃte |
| Illative: | knagaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | knagaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | knagam |
| 2SG: | knagat |
| 3SG: | knagaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | knagana |
| 2PL: | knagada |
| 3PL: | knagaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | knaga-βlak |
| Plural (2): | knaga-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | knagala |
| Sociative Plural: | knagamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | knagam | knaga-βlak | knaga-βlakem, knagam-βlak |
| Genitive: | knagamən | knaga-βlakən | knaga-βlakemən, knagam-βlakən |
| Dative: | knagamlan, knagalanem | knaga-βlaklan | knaga-βlakemlan, knagam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | knagaməm | knaga-βlakəm | knaga-βlakeməm, knagam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | knagamla, knagalam | knaga-βlakla | knaga-βlakemla, knagam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | knagamge | knaga-βlakge | knaga-βlakemge, knagam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | knagaʃtem | knaga-βlakəʃte | knaga-βlakəʃtem, knagam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | knagaʃkem | knaga-βlakəʃ(ke) | knaga-βlakəʃkem, knagam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | knagaʃem | knaga-βlakeʃ | knaga-βlakeʃem, knagam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||