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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kojʃan |
Genitive: | kojʃanən |
Dative: | kojʃanlan |
Accusative: | kojʃanəm |
Comparative: | kojʃanla |
Comitative: | kojʃange |
Inessive: | kojʃanəʃte |
Illative: | kojʃanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kojʃaneʃ |
1SG: | kojʃanem |
2SG: | kojʃanet |
3SG: | kojʃanʒe |
1PL: | kojʃanːa |
2PL: | kojʃanda |
3PL: | kojʃanəʃt |
Plural (1): | kojʃan-βlak |
Plural (2): | kojʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kojʃanla |
Sociative Plural: | kojʃanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kojʃanem | kojʃan-βlak | kojʃan-βlakem, kojʃanem-βlak |
Genitive: | kojʃanemən | kojʃan-βlakən | kojʃan-βlakemən, kojʃanem-βlakən |
Dative: | kojʃanemlan, kojʃanlanem | kojʃan-βlaklan | kojʃan-βlakemlan, kojʃanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kojʃaneməm | kojʃan-βlakəm | kojʃan-βlakeməm, kojʃanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kojʃanemla, kojʃanlam | kojʃan-βlakla | kojʃan-βlakemla, kojʃanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | kojʃanemge | kojʃan-βlakge | kojʃan-βlakemge, kojʃanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | kojʃanəʃtem | kojʃan-βlakəʃte | kojʃan-βlakəʃtem, kojʃanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kojʃanəʃkem | kojʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | kojʃan-βlakəʃkem, kojʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kojʃaneʃem | kojʃan-βlakeʃ | kojʃan-βlakeʃem, kojʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |