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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kopkalu |
| Genitive: | kopkalun |
| Dative: | kopkalulan |
| Accusative: | kopkalum |
| Comparative: | kopkalula |
| Comitative: | kopkaluge |
| Inessive: | kopkalušto |
| Illative: | kopkaluš(ko) |
| Lative: | kopkalueš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kopkaluem |
| 2SG: | kopkaluet |
| 3SG: | kopkaluž(o) |
| 1PL: | kopkaluna |
| 2PL: | kopkaluda |
| 3PL: | kopkalušt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kopkalu-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kopkalu-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kopkalula |
| Sociative Plural: | kopkalumə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kopkaluem | kopkalu-βlak | kopkalu-βlakem, kopkaluem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kopkaluemə̑n | kopkalu-βlakə̑n | kopkalu-βlakemə̑n, kopkaluem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kopkaluemlan, kopkalulanem | kopkalu-βlaklan | kopkalu-βlakemlan, kopkaluem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kopkaluemə̑m | kopkalu-βlakə̑m | kopkalu-βlakemə̑m, kopkaluem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kopkaluemla, kopkalulam | kopkalu-βlakla | kopkalu-βlakemla, kopkaluem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kopkaluemge | kopkalu-βlakge | kopkalu-βlakemge, kopkaluem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kopkaluštem | kopkalu-βlakə̑šte | kopkalu-βlakə̑štem, kopkaluem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kopkaluškem | kopkalu-βlakə̑š(ke) | kopkalu-βlakə̑škem, kopkaluem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kopkaluešem | kopkalu-βlakeš | kopkalu-βlakešem, kopkaluem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||