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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kopnaβundaʃ |
| Genitive: | kopnaβundaʃən |
| Dative: | kopnaβundaʃlan |
| Accusative: | kopnaβundaʃəm |
| Comparative: | kopnaβundaʃla |
| Comitative: | kopnaβundaʃge |
| Inessive: | kopnaβundaʃte, kopnaβundaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | kopnaβundaʃke, kopnaβundaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kopnaβundaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kopnaβundaʃem |
| 2SG: | kopnaβundaʃet |
| 3SG: | kopnaβundaʃːe, kopnaβundaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kopnaβundaʃna |
| 2PL: | kopnaβundaʃda |
| 3PL: | kopnaβundaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kopnaβundaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kopnaβundaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kopnaβundaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | kopnaβundaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kopnaβundaʃem | kopnaβundaʃ-βlak | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakem, kopnaβundaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kopnaβundaʃemən | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakən | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakemən, kopnaβundaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kopnaβundaʃemlan, kopnaβundaʃlanem | kopnaβundaʃ-βlaklan | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakemlan, kopnaβundaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kopnaβundaʃeməm | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakəm | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakeməm, kopnaβundaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kopnaβundaʃemla, kopnaβundaʃlam | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakla | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakemla, kopnaβundaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kopnaβundaʃemge | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakge | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakemge, kopnaβundaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kopnaβundaʃtem, kopnaβundaʃəʃtem | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakəʃte | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakəʃtem, kopnaβundaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kopnaβundaʃkem, kopnaβundaʃəʃkem | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakəʃkem, kopnaβundaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kopnaβundaʃeʃem | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakeʃ | kopnaβundaʃ-βlakeʃem, kopnaβundaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||