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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koptaka |
| Genitive: | koptakan |
| Dative: | koptakalan |
| Accusative: | koptakam |
| Comparative: | koptakala |
| Comitative: | koptakage |
| Inessive: | koptakašte |
| Illative: | koptakaš(ke) |
| Lative: | koptakaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koptakam |
| 2SG: | koptakat |
| 3SG: | koptakaž(e) |
| 1PL: | koptakana |
| 2PL: | koptakada |
| 3PL: | koptakašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koptaka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koptaka-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | koptakala |
| Sociative Plural: | koptakamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koptakam | koptaka-βlak | koptaka-βlakem, koptakam-βlak |
| Genitive: | koptakamə̑n | koptaka-βlakə̑n | koptaka-βlakemə̑n, koptakam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | koptakamlan, koptakalanem | koptaka-βlaklan | koptaka-βlakemlan, koptakam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koptakamə̑m | koptaka-βlakə̑m | koptaka-βlakemə̑m, koptakam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | koptakamla, koptakalam | koptaka-βlakla | koptaka-βlakemla, koptakam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koptakamge | koptaka-βlakge | koptaka-βlakemge, koptakam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koptakaštem | koptaka-βlakə̑šte | koptaka-βlakə̑štem, koptakam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | koptakaškem | koptaka-βlakə̑š(ke) | koptaka-βlakə̑škem, koptakam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | koptakašem | koptaka-βlakeš | koptaka-βlakešem, koptakam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||