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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koptə̑ka |
| Genitive: | koptə̑kan |
| Dative: | koptə̑kalan |
| Accusative: | koptə̑kam |
| Comparative: | koptə̑kala |
| Comitative: | koptə̑kage |
| Inessive: | koptə̑kašte |
| Illative: | koptə̑kaš(ke) |
| Lative: | koptə̑kaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koptə̑kam |
| 2SG: | koptə̑kat |
| 3SG: | koptə̑kaž(e) |
| 1PL: | koptə̑kana |
| 2PL: | koptə̑kada |
| 3PL: | koptə̑kašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koptə̑ka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koptə̑ka-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | koptə̑kala |
| Sociative Plural: | koptə̑kamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koptə̑kam | koptə̑ka-βlak | koptə̑ka-βlakem, koptə̑kam-βlak |
| Genitive: | koptə̑kamə̑n | koptə̑ka-βlakə̑n | koptə̑ka-βlakemə̑n, koptə̑kam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | koptə̑kamlan, koptə̑kalanem | koptə̑ka-βlaklan | koptə̑ka-βlakemlan, koptə̑kam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koptə̑kamə̑m | koptə̑ka-βlakə̑m | koptə̑ka-βlakemə̑m, koptə̑kam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | koptə̑kamla, koptə̑kalam | koptə̑ka-βlakla | koptə̑ka-βlakemla, koptə̑kam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koptə̑kamge | koptə̑ka-βlakge | koptə̑ka-βlakemge, koptə̑kam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koptə̑kaštem | koptə̑ka-βlakə̑šte | koptə̑ka-βlakə̑štem, koptə̑kam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | koptə̑kaškem | koptə̑ka-βlakə̑š(ke) | koptə̑ka-βlakə̑škem, koptə̑kam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | koptə̑kašem | koptə̑ka-βlakeš | koptə̑ka-βlakešem, koptə̑kam-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||