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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kosiʎa |
| Genitive: | kosiʎan |
| Dative: | kosiʎalan |
| Accusative: | kosiʎam |
| Comparative: | kosiʎala |
| Comitative: | kosiʎage |
| Inessive: | kosiʎaʃte |
| Illative: | kosiʎaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kosiʎaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kosiʎam |
| 2SG: | kosiʎat |
| 3SG: | kosiʎaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kosiʎana |
| 2PL: | kosiʎada |
| 3PL: | kosiʎaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kosiʎa-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kosiʎa-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kosiʎala |
| Sociative Plural: | kosiʎamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kosiʎam | kosiʎa-βlak | kosiʎa-βlakem, kosiʎam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kosiʎamən | kosiʎa-βlakən | kosiʎa-βlakemən, kosiʎam-βlakən |
| Dative: | kosiʎamlan, kosiʎalanem | kosiʎa-βlaklan | kosiʎa-βlakemlan, kosiʎam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kosiʎaməm | kosiʎa-βlakəm | kosiʎa-βlakeməm, kosiʎam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kosiʎamla, kosiʎalam | kosiʎa-βlakla | kosiʎa-βlakemla, kosiʎam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kosiʎamge | kosiʎa-βlakge | kosiʎa-βlakemge, kosiʎam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kosiʎaʃtem | kosiʎa-βlakəʃte | kosiʎa-βlakəʃtem, kosiʎam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kosiʎaʃkem | kosiʎa-βlakəʃ(ke) | kosiʎa-βlakəʃkem, kosiʎam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kosiʎaʃem | kosiʎa-βlakeʃ | kosiʎa-βlakeʃem, kosiʎam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||