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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kostə̑l' |
| Genitive: | kostə̑l'ə̑n |
| Dative: | kostə̑l'lan |
| Accusative: | kostə̑l'ə̑m |
| Comparative: | kostə̑l'la |
| Comitative: | kostə̑l'ge |
| Inessive: | kostə̑l'ə̑šte |
| Illative: | kostə̑l'ə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kostə̑l'eš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kostə̑l'em |
| 2SG: | kostə̑l'et |
| 3SG: | kostə̑l'že |
| 1PL: | kostə̑l'na |
| 2PL: | kostə̑l'da |
| 3PL: | kostə̑l'ə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kostə̑l'-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kostə̑l'-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kostə̑l'la |
| Sociative Plural: | kostə̑l'mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kostə̑l'em | kostə̑l'-βlak | kostə̑l'-βlakem, kostə̑l'em-βlak |
| Genitive: | kostə̑l'emə̑n | kostə̑l'-βlakə̑n | kostə̑l'-βlakemə̑n, kostə̑l'em-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kostə̑l'emlan, kostə̑l'lanem | kostə̑l'-βlaklan | kostə̑l'-βlakemlan, kostə̑l'em-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kostə̑l'emə̑m | kostə̑l'-βlakə̑m | kostə̑l'-βlakemə̑m, kostə̑l'em-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kostə̑l'emla, kostə̑l'lam | kostə̑l'-βlakla | kostə̑l'-βlakemla, kostə̑l'em-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kostə̑l'emge | kostə̑l'-βlakge | kostə̑l'-βlakemge, kostə̑l'em-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kostə̑l'ə̑štem | kostə̑l'-βlakə̑šte | kostə̑l'-βlakə̑štem, kostə̑l'em-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kostə̑l'ə̑škem | kostə̑l'-βlakə̑š(ke) | kostə̑l'-βlakə̑škem, kostə̑l'em-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kostə̑l'ešem | kostə̑l'-βlakeš | kostə̑l'-βlakešem, kostə̑l'em-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||