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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kost'umaš |
| Genitive: | kost'umašə̑n |
| Dative: | kost'umašlan |
| Accusative: | kost'umašə̑m |
| Comparative: | kost'umašla |
| Comitative: | kost'umašge |
| Inessive: | kost'umašte, kost'umašə̑šte |
| Illative: | kost'umaške, kost'umašə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kost'umašeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kost'umašem |
| 2SG: | kost'umašet |
| 3SG: | kost'umašše, kost'umašə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | kost'umašna |
| 2PL: | kost'umašda |
| 3PL: | kost'umašə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kost'umaš-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kost'umaš-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kost'umašla |
| Sociative Plural: | kost'umašmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kost'umašem | kost'umaš-βlak | kost'umaš-βlakem, kost'umašem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kost'umašemə̑n | kost'umaš-βlakə̑n | kost'umaš-βlakemə̑n, kost'umašem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kost'umašemlan, kost'umašlanem | kost'umaš-βlaklan | kost'umaš-βlakemlan, kost'umašem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kost'umašemə̑m | kost'umaš-βlakə̑m | kost'umaš-βlakemə̑m, kost'umašem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kost'umašemla, kost'umašlam | kost'umaš-βlakla | kost'umaš-βlakemla, kost'umašem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kost'umašemge | kost'umaš-βlakge | kost'umaš-βlakemge, kost'umašem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kost'umaštem, kost'umašə̑štem | kost'umaš-βlakə̑šte | kost'umaš-βlakə̑štem, kost'umašem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kost'umaškem, kost'umašə̑škem | kost'umaš-βlakə̑š(ke) | kost'umaš-βlakə̑škem, kost'umašem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kost'umašešem | kost'umaš-βlakeš | kost'umaš-βlakešem, kost'umašem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||