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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | košma |
| Genitive: | košman |
| Dative: | košmalan |
| Accusative: | košmam |
| Comparative: | košmala |
| Comitative: | košmage |
| Inessive: | košmašte |
| Illative: | košmaš(ke) |
| Lative: | košmaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | košmam |
| 2SG: | košmat |
| 3SG: | košmaž(e) |
| 1PL: | košmana |
| 2PL: | košmada |
| 3PL: | košmašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | košma-βlak |
| Plural (2): | košma-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | košmala |
| Sociative Plural: | košmamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | košmam | košma-βlak | košma-βlakem, košmam-βlak |
| Genitive: | košmamə̑n | košma-βlakə̑n | košma-βlakemə̑n, košmam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | košmamlan, košmalanem | košma-βlaklan | košma-βlakemlan, košmam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | košmamə̑m | košma-βlakə̑m | košma-βlakemə̑m, košmam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | košmamla, košmalam | košma-βlakla | košma-βlakemla, košmam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | košmamge | košma-βlakge | košma-βlakemge, košmam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | košmaštem | košma-βlakə̑šte | košma-βlakə̑štem, košmam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | košmaškem | košma-βlakə̑š(ke) | košma-βlakə̑škem, košmam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | košmašem | košma-βlakeš | košma-βlakešem, košmam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||