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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | koʃtan |
Genitive: | koʃtanən |
Dative: | koʃtanlan |
Accusative: | koʃtanəm |
Comparative: | koʃtanla |
Comitative: | koʃtange |
Inessive: | koʃtanəʃte |
Illative: | koʃtanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | koʃtaneʃ |
1SG: | koʃtanem |
2SG: | koʃtanet |
3SG: | koʃtanʒe |
1PL: | koʃtanːa |
2PL: | koʃtanda |
3PL: | koʃtanəʃt |
Plural (1): | koʃtan-βlak |
Plural (2): | koʃtan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | koʃtanla |
Sociative Plural: | koʃtanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | koʃtanem | koʃtan-βlak | koʃtan-βlakem, koʃtanem-βlak |
Genitive: | koʃtanemən | koʃtan-βlakən | koʃtan-βlakemən, koʃtanem-βlakən |
Dative: | koʃtanemlan, koʃtanlanem | koʃtan-βlaklan | koʃtan-βlakemlan, koʃtanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | koʃtaneməm | koʃtan-βlakəm | koʃtan-βlakeməm, koʃtanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | koʃtanemla, koʃtanlam | koʃtan-βlakla | koʃtan-βlakemla, koʃtanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | koʃtanemge | koʃtan-βlakge | koʃtan-βlakemge, koʃtanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | koʃtanəʃtem | koʃtan-βlakəʃte | koʃtan-βlakəʃtem, koʃtanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | koʃtanəʃkem | koʃtan-βlakəʃ(ke) | koʃtan-βlakəʃkem, koʃtanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | koʃtaneʃem | koʃtan-βlakeʃ | koʃtan-βlakeʃem, koʃtanem-βlakeʃ |
The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
Last update: 10 August 2023 |