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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koʃtmaʃ |
| Genitive: | koʃtmaʃən |
| Dative: | koʃtmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | koʃtmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | koʃtmaʃla |
| Comitative: | koʃtmaʃge |
| Inessive: | koʃtmaʃte, koʃtmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | koʃtmaʃke, koʃtmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | koʃtmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koʃtmaʃem |
| 2SG: | koʃtmaʃet |
| 3SG: | koʃtmaʃːe, koʃtmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | koʃtmaʃna |
| 2PL: | koʃtmaʃda |
| 3PL: | koʃtmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koʃtmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koʃtmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | koʃtmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | koʃtmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koʃtmaʃem | koʃtmaʃ-βlak | koʃtmaʃ-βlakem, koʃtmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | koʃtmaʃemən | koʃtmaʃ-βlakən | koʃtmaʃ-βlakemən, koʃtmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | koʃtmaʃemlan, koʃtmaʃlanem | koʃtmaʃ-βlaklan | koʃtmaʃ-βlakemlan, koʃtmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koʃtmaʃeməm | koʃtmaʃ-βlakəm | koʃtmaʃ-βlakeməm, koʃtmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | koʃtmaʃemla, koʃtmaʃlam | koʃtmaʃ-βlakla | koʃtmaʃ-βlakemla, koʃtmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koʃtmaʃemge | koʃtmaʃ-βlakge | koʃtmaʃ-βlakemge, koʃtmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koʃtmaʃtem, koʃtmaʃəʃtem | koʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃte | koʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, koʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | koʃtmaʃkem, koʃtmaʃəʃkem | koʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | koʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, koʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | koʃtmaʃeʃem | koʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃ | koʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃem, koʃtmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||