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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koʃtəra |
| Genitive: | koʃtəran |
| Dative: | koʃtəralan |
| Accusative: | koʃtəram |
| Comparative: | koʃtərala |
| Comitative: | koʃtərage |
| Inessive: | koʃtəraʃte |
| Illative: | koʃtəraʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | koʃtəraʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koʃtəram |
| 2SG: | koʃtərat |
| 3SG: | koʃtəraʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | koʃtərana |
| 2PL: | koʃtərada |
| 3PL: | koʃtəraʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koʃtəra-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koʃtəra-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | koʃtərala |
| Sociative Plural: | koʃtəramət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koʃtəram | koʃtəra-βlak | koʃtəra-βlakem, koʃtəram-βlak |
| Genitive: | koʃtəramən | koʃtəra-βlakən | koʃtəra-βlakemən, koʃtəram-βlakən |
| Dative: | koʃtəramlan, koʃtəralanem | koʃtəra-βlaklan | koʃtəra-βlakemlan, koʃtəram-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koʃtəraməm | koʃtəra-βlakəm | koʃtəra-βlakeməm, koʃtəram-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | koʃtəramla, koʃtəralam | koʃtəra-βlakla | koʃtəra-βlakemla, koʃtəram-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koʃtəramge | koʃtəra-βlakge | koʃtəra-βlakemge, koʃtəram-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koʃtəraʃtem | koʃtəra-βlakəʃte | koʃtəra-βlakəʃtem, koʃtəram-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | koʃtəraʃkem | koʃtəra-βlakəʃ(ke) | koʃtəra-βlakəʃkem, koʃtəram-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | koʃtəraʃem | koʃtəra-βlakeʃ | koʃtəra-βlakeʃem, koʃtəram-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||