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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koštə̑raš |
| Genitive: | koštə̑rašə̑n |
| Dative: | koštə̑rašlan |
| Accusative: | koštə̑rašə̑m |
| Comparative: | koštə̑rašla |
| Comitative: | koštə̑rašge |
| Inessive: | koštə̑rašte, koštə̑rašə̑šte |
| Illative: | koštə̑raške, koštə̑rašə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | koštə̑rašeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koštə̑rašem |
| 2SG: | koštə̑rašet |
| 3SG: | koštə̑rašše, koštə̑rašə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | koštə̑rašna |
| 2PL: | koštə̑rašda |
| 3PL: | koštə̑rašə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koštə̑raš-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koštə̑raš-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | koštə̑rašla |
| Sociative Plural: | koštə̑rašmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koštə̑rašem | koštə̑raš-βlak | koštə̑raš-βlakem, koštə̑rašem-βlak |
| Genitive: | koštə̑rašemə̑n | koštə̑raš-βlakə̑n | koštə̑raš-βlakemə̑n, koštə̑rašem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | koštə̑rašemlan, koštə̑rašlanem | koštə̑raš-βlaklan | koštə̑raš-βlakemlan, koštə̑rašem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koštə̑rašemə̑m | koštə̑raš-βlakə̑m | koštə̑raš-βlakemə̑m, koštə̑rašem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | koštə̑rašemla, koštə̑rašlam | koštə̑raš-βlakla | koštə̑raš-βlakemla, koštə̑rašem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koštə̑rašemge | koštə̑raš-βlakge | koštə̑raš-βlakemge, koštə̑rašem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koštə̑raštem, koštə̑rašə̑štem | koštə̑raš-βlakə̑šte | koštə̑raš-βlakə̑štem, koštə̑rašem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | koštə̑raškem, koštə̑rašə̑škem | koštə̑raš-βlakə̑š(ke) | koštə̑raš-βlakə̑škem, koštə̑rašem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | koštə̑rašešem | koštə̑raš-βlakeš | koštə̑raš-βlakešem, koštə̑rašem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||