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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koŋgaluk |
| Genitive: | koŋgalukə̑n |
| Dative: | koŋgaluklan |
| Accusative: | koŋgalukə̑m |
| Comparative: | koŋgalukla |
| Comitative: | koŋgalukge |
| Inessive: | koŋgalukə̑što |
| Illative: | koŋgalukə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | koŋgalukeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koŋgalukem |
| 2SG: | koŋgaluket |
| 3SG: | koŋgalukšo |
| 1PL: | koŋgalukna |
| 2PL: | koŋgalukda |
| 3PL: | koŋgalukə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koŋgaluk-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koŋgaluk-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | koŋgalukla |
| Sociative Plural: | koŋgalukmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koŋgalukem | koŋgaluk-βlak | koŋgaluk-βlakem, koŋgalukem-βlak |
| Genitive: | koŋgalukemə̑n | koŋgaluk-βlakə̑n | koŋgaluk-βlakemə̑n, koŋgalukem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | koŋgalukemlan, koŋgaluklanem | koŋgaluk-βlaklan | koŋgaluk-βlakemlan, koŋgalukem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koŋgalukemə̑m | koŋgaluk-βlakə̑m | koŋgaluk-βlakemə̑m, koŋgalukem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | koŋgalukemla, koŋgaluklam | koŋgaluk-βlakla | koŋgaluk-βlakemla, koŋgalukem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koŋgalukemge | koŋgaluk-βlakge | koŋgaluk-βlakemge, koŋgalukem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koŋgalukə̑štem | koŋgaluk-βlakə̑šte | koŋgaluk-βlakə̑štem, koŋgalukem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | koŋgalukə̑škem | koŋgaluk-βlakə̑š(ke) | koŋgaluk-βlakə̑škem, koŋgalukem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | koŋgalukešem | koŋgaluk-βlakeš | koŋgaluk-βlakešem, koŋgalukem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||