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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koštmo |
| Genitive: | koštmə̑n |
| Dative: | koštmə̑lan |
| Accusative: | koštmə̑m |
| Comparative: | koštmə̑la |
| Comitative: | koštmə̑ge |
| Inessive: | koštmə̑što |
| Illative: | koštmə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | koštmeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koštmem |
| 2SG: | koštmet |
| 3SG: | koštmə̑ž(o) |
| 1PL: | koštmə̑na |
| 2PL: | koštmə̑da |
| 3PL: | koštmə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koštmo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koštmo-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | koštmə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | koštmə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koštmem | koštmo-βlak | koštmo-βlakem, koštmem-βlak |
| Genitive: | koštmemə̑n | koštmo-βlakə̑n | koštmo-βlakemə̑n, koštmem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | koštmemlan, koštmə̑lanem | koštmo-βlaklan | koštmo-βlakemlan, koštmem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koštmemə̑m | koštmo-βlakə̑m | koštmo-βlakemə̑m, koštmem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | koštmemla, koštmə̑lam | koštmo-βlakla | koštmo-βlakemla, koštmem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koštmemge | koštmo-βlakge | koštmo-βlakemge, koštmem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koštmə̑štem | koštmo-βlakə̑šte | koštmo-βlakə̑štem, koštmem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | koštmə̑škem | koštmo-βlakə̑š(ke) | koštmo-βlakə̑škem, koštmem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | koštmešem | koštmo-βlakeš | koštmo-βlakešem, koštmem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||