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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koʃtʃo |
| Genitive: | koʃtʃən |
| Dative: | koʃtʃəlan |
| Accusative: | koʃtʃəm |
| Comparative: | koʃtʃəla |
| Comitative: | koʃtʃəge |
| Inessive: | koʃtʃəʃto |
| Illative: | koʃtʃəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | koʃtʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koʃtʃem |
| 2SG: | koʃtʃet |
| 3SG: | koʃtʃəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | koʃtʃəna |
| 2PL: | koʃtʃəda |
| 3PL: | koʃtʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koʃtʃo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koʃtʃo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | koʃtʃəla |
| Sociative Plural: | koʃtʃəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koʃtʃem | koʃtʃo-βlak | koʃtʃo-βlakem, koʃtʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | koʃtʃemən | koʃtʃo-βlakən | koʃtʃo-βlakemən, koʃtʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | koʃtʃemlan, koʃtʃəlanem | koʃtʃo-βlaklan | koʃtʃo-βlakemlan, koʃtʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koʃtʃeməm | koʃtʃo-βlakəm | koʃtʃo-βlakeməm, koʃtʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | koʃtʃemla, koʃtʃəlam | koʃtʃo-βlakla | koʃtʃo-βlakemla, koʃtʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koʃtʃemge | koʃtʃo-βlakge | koʃtʃo-βlakemge, koʃtʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koʃtʃəʃtem | koʃtʃo-βlakəʃte | koʃtʃo-βlakəʃtem, koʃtʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | koʃtʃəʃkem | koʃtʃo-βlakəʃ(ke) | koʃtʃo-βlakəʃkem, koʃtʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | koʃtʃeʃem | koʃtʃo-βlakeʃ | koʃtʃo-βlakeʃem, koʃtʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||