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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kugeʃnəlʃan |
| Genitive: | kugeʃnəlʃanən |
| Dative: | kugeʃnəlʃanlan |
| Accusative: | kugeʃnəlʃanəm |
| Comparative: | kugeʃnəlʃanla |
| Comitative: | kugeʃnəlʃange |
| Inessive: | kugeʃnəlʃanəʃte |
| Illative: | kugeʃnəlʃanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kugeʃnəlʃaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kugeʃnəlʃanem |
| 2SG: | kugeʃnəlʃanet |
| 3SG: | kugeʃnəlʃanʒe |
| 1PL: | kugeʃnəlʃanːa |
| 2PL: | kugeʃnəlʃanda |
| 3PL: | kugeʃnəlʃanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kugeʃnəlʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kugeʃnəlʃanla |
| Sociative Plural: | kugeʃnəlʃanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kugeʃnəlʃanem | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlak | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakem, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kugeʃnəlʃanemən | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakən | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakemən, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kugeʃnəlʃanemlan, kugeʃnəlʃanlanem | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlaklan | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakemlan, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kugeʃnəlʃaneməm | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakəm | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakeməm, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kugeʃnəlʃanemla, kugeʃnəlʃanlam | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakla | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakemla, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kugeʃnəlʃanemge | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakge | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakemge, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kugeʃnəlʃanəʃtem | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakəʃte | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakəʃtem, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kugeʃnəlʃanəʃkem | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakəʃkem, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kugeʃnəlʃaneʃem | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakeʃ | kugeʃnəlʃan-βlakeʃem, kugeʃnəlʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||