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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kugeʃnəlʃe |
| Genitive: | kugeʃnəlʃən |
| Dative: | kugeʃnəlʃəlan |
| Accusative: | kugeʃnəlʃəm |
| Comparative: | kugeʃnəlʃəla |
| Comitative: | kugeʃnəlʃəge |
| Inessive: | kugeʃnəlʃəʃte |
| Illative: | kugeʃnəlʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kugeʃnəlʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kugeʃnəlʃem |
| 2SG: | kugeʃnəlʃet |
| 3SG: | kugeʃnəlʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kugeʃnəlʃəna |
| 2PL: | kugeʃnəlʃəda |
| 3PL: | kugeʃnəlʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kugeʃnəlʃe-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kugeʃnəlʃəla |
| Sociative Plural: | kugeʃnəlʃəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kugeʃnəlʃem | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlak | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakem, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kugeʃnəlʃemən | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakən | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakemən, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kugeʃnəlʃemlan, kugeʃnəlʃəlanem | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlaklan | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakemlan, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kugeʃnəlʃeməm | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakəm | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakeməm, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kugeʃnəlʃemla, kugeʃnəlʃəlam | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakla | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakemla, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kugeʃnəlʃemge | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakge | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakemge, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kugeʃnəlʃəʃtem | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakəʃte | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakəʃtem, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kugeʃnəlʃəʃkem | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakəʃ(ke) | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakəʃkem, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kugeʃnəlʃeʃem | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakeʃ | kugeʃnəlʃe-βlakeʃem, kugeʃnəlʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||