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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kugola |
| Genitive: | kugolan |
| Dative: | kugolalan |
| Accusative: | kugolam |
| Comparative: | kugolala |
| Comitative: | kugolage |
| Inessive: | kugolaʃte |
| Illative: | kugolaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kugolaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kugolam |
| 2SG: | kugolat |
| 3SG: | kugolaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kugolana |
| 2PL: | kugolada |
| 3PL: | kugolaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kugola-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kugola-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kugolala |
| Sociative Plural: | kugolamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kugolam | kugola-βlak | kugola-βlakem, kugolam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kugolamən | kugola-βlakən | kugola-βlakemən, kugolam-βlakən |
| Dative: | kugolamlan, kugolalanem | kugola-βlaklan | kugola-βlakemlan, kugolam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kugolaməm | kugola-βlakəm | kugola-βlakeməm, kugolam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kugolamla, kugolalam | kugola-βlakla | kugola-βlakemla, kugolam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kugolamge | kugola-βlakge | kugola-βlakemge, kugolam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kugolaʃtem | kugola-βlakəʃte | kugola-βlakəʃtem, kugolam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kugolaʃkem | kugola-βlakəʃ(ke) | kugola-βlakəʃkem, kugolam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kugolaʃem | kugola-βlakeʃ | kugola-βlakeʃem, kugolam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||