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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kugoso |
| Genitive: | kugosən |
| Dative: | kugosəlan |
| Accusative: | kugosəm |
| Comparative: | kugosəla |
| Comitative: | kugosəge |
| Inessive: | kugosəʃto |
| Illative: | kugosəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | kugoseʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kugosem |
| 2SG: | kugoset |
| 3SG: | kugosəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | kugosəna |
| 2PL: | kugosəda |
| 3PL: | kugosəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kugoso-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kugoso-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kugosəla |
| Sociative Plural: | kugosəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kugosem | kugoso-βlak | kugoso-βlakem, kugosem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kugosemən | kugoso-βlakən | kugoso-βlakemən, kugosem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kugosemlan, kugosəlanem | kugoso-βlaklan | kugoso-βlakemlan, kugosem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kugoseməm | kugoso-βlakəm | kugoso-βlakeməm, kugosem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kugosemla, kugosəlam | kugoso-βlakla | kugoso-βlakemla, kugosem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kugosemge | kugoso-βlakge | kugoso-βlakemge, kugosem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kugosəʃtem | kugoso-βlakəʃte | kugoso-βlakəʃtem, kugosem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kugosəʃkem | kugoso-βlakəʃ(ke) | kugoso-βlakəʃkem, kugosem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kugoseʃem | kugoso-βlakeʃ | kugoso-βlakeʃem, kugosem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||