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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kuguʃkal |
| Genitive: | kuguʃkalən |
| Dative: | kuguʃkalːan |
| Accusative: | kuguʃkaləm |
| Comparative: | kuguʃkalːa |
| Comitative: | kuguʃkalge |
| Inessive: | kuguʃkaləʃte |
| Illative: | kuguʃkaləʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kuguʃkaleʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kuguʃkalem |
| 2SG: | kuguʃkalet |
| 3SG: | kuguʃkalʒe |
| 1PL: | kuguʃkalna |
| 2PL: | kuguʃkalda |
| 3PL: | kuguʃkaləʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kuguʃkal-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kuguʃkal-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kuguʃkalːa |
| Sociative Plural: | kuguʃkalmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kuguʃkalem | kuguʃkal-βlak | kuguʃkal-βlakem, kuguʃkalem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kuguʃkalemən | kuguʃkal-βlakən | kuguʃkal-βlakemən, kuguʃkalem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kuguʃkalemlan, kuguʃkalːanem | kuguʃkal-βlaklan | kuguʃkal-βlakemlan, kuguʃkalem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kuguʃkaleməm | kuguʃkal-βlakəm | kuguʃkal-βlakeməm, kuguʃkalem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kuguʃkalemla, kuguʃkalːam | kuguʃkal-βlakla | kuguʃkal-βlakemla, kuguʃkalem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kuguʃkalemge | kuguʃkal-βlakge | kuguʃkal-βlakemge, kuguʃkalem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kuguʃkaləʃtem | kuguʃkal-βlakəʃte | kuguʃkal-βlakəʃtem, kuguʃkalem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kuguʃkaləʃkem | kuguʃkal-βlakəʃ(ke) | kuguʃkal-βlakəʃkem, kuguʃkalem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kuguʃkaleʃem | kuguʃkal-βlakeʃ | kuguʃkal-βlakeʃem, kuguʃkalem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||