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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kugu |
| Genitive: | kugun |
| Dative: | kugulan |
| Accusative: | kugum |
| Comparative: | kugula |
| Comitative: | kuguge |
| Inessive: | kugušto |
| Illative: | kuguš(ko) |
| Lative: | kugueš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kuguem |
| 2SG: | kuguet |
| 3SG: | kuguž(o) |
| 1PL: | kuguna |
| 2PL: | kuguda |
| 3PL: | kugušt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kugu-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kugu-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kugula |
| Sociative Plural: | kugumə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kuguem | kugu-βlak | kugu-βlakem, kuguem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kuguemə̑n | kugu-βlakə̑n | kugu-βlakemə̑n, kuguem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kuguemlan, kugulanem | kugu-βlaklan | kugu-βlakemlan, kuguem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kuguemə̑m | kugu-βlakə̑m | kugu-βlakemə̑m, kuguem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kuguemla, kugulam | kugu-βlakla | kugu-βlakemla, kuguem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kuguemge | kugu-βlakge | kugu-βlakemge, kuguem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kuguštem | kugu-βlakə̑šte | kugu-βlakə̑štem, kuguem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kuguškem | kugu-βlakə̑š(ke) | kugu-βlakə̑škem, kuguem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kuguešem | kugu-βlakeš | kugu-βlakešem, kuguem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||