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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kudalmaʃ |
| Genitive: | kudalmaʃən |
| Dative: | kudalmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | kudalmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | kudalmaʃla |
| Comitative: | kudalmaʃge |
| Inessive: | kudalmaʃte, kudalmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | kudalmaʃke, kudalmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kudalmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kudalmaʃem |
| 2SG: | kudalmaʃet |
| 3SG: | kudalmaʃːe, kudalmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kudalmaʃna |
| 2PL: | kudalmaʃda |
| 3PL: | kudalmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kudalmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kudalmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kudalmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | kudalmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kudalmaʃem | kudalmaʃ-βlak | kudalmaʃ-βlakem, kudalmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kudalmaʃemən | kudalmaʃ-βlakən | kudalmaʃ-βlakemən, kudalmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kudalmaʃemlan, kudalmaʃlanem | kudalmaʃ-βlaklan | kudalmaʃ-βlakemlan, kudalmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kudalmaʃeməm | kudalmaʃ-βlakəm | kudalmaʃ-βlakeməm, kudalmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kudalmaʃemla, kudalmaʃlam | kudalmaʃ-βlakla | kudalmaʃ-βlakemla, kudalmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kudalmaʃemge | kudalmaʃ-βlakge | kudalmaʃ-βlakemge, kudalmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kudalmaʃtem, kudalmaʃəʃtem | kudalmaʃ-βlakəʃte | kudalmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, kudalmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kudalmaʃkem, kudalmaʃəʃkem | kudalmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | kudalmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, kudalmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kudalmaʃeʃem | kudalmaʃ-βlakeʃ | kudalmaʃ-βlakeʃem, kudalmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||