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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kukšə̑ndij |
| Genitive: | kukšə̑ndijə̑n |
| Dative: | kukšə̑ndijlan |
| Accusative: | kukšə̑ndijə̑m |
| Comparative: | kukšə̑ndijla |
| Comitative: | kukšə̑ndijge |
| Inessive: | kukšə̑ndijə̑šte |
| Illative: | kukšə̑ndijə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kukšə̑ndiješ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kukšə̑ndijem |
| 2SG: | kukšə̑ndijet |
| 3SG: | kukšə̑ndijže |
| 1PL: | kukšə̑ndijna |
| 2PL: | kukšə̑ndijda |
| 3PL: | kukšə̑ndijə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kukšə̑ndij-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kukšə̑ndij-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kukšə̑ndijla |
| Sociative Plural: | kukšə̑ndijmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kukšə̑ndijem | kukšə̑ndij-βlak | kukšə̑ndij-βlakem, kukšə̑ndijem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kukšə̑ndijemə̑n | kukšə̑ndij-βlakə̑n | kukšə̑ndij-βlakemə̑n, kukšə̑ndijem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kukšə̑ndijemlan, kukšə̑ndijlanem | kukšə̑ndij-βlaklan | kukšə̑ndij-βlakemlan, kukšə̑ndijem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kukšə̑ndijemə̑m | kukšə̑ndij-βlakə̑m | kukšə̑ndij-βlakemə̑m, kukšə̑ndijem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kukšə̑ndijemla, kukšə̑ndijlam | kukšə̑ndij-βlakla | kukšə̑ndij-βlakemla, kukšə̑ndijem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kukšə̑ndijemge | kukšə̑ndij-βlakge | kukšə̑ndij-βlakemge, kukšə̑ndijem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kukšə̑ndijə̑štem | kukšə̑ndij-βlakə̑šte | kukšə̑ndij-βlakə̑štem, kukšə̑ndijem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kukšə̑ndijə̑škem | kukšə̑ndij-βlakə̑š(ke) | kukšə̑ndij-βlakə̑škem, kukšə̑ndijem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kukšə̑ndiješem | kukšə̑ndij-βlakeš | kukšə̑ndij-βlakešem, kukšə̑ndijem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||