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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kukʃəndij |
| Genitive: | kukʃəndijən |
| Dative: | kukʃəndijlan |
| Accusative: | kukʃəndijəm |
| Comparative: | kukʃəndijla |
| Comitative: | kukʃəndijge |
| Inessive: | kukʃəndijəʃte |
| Illative: | kukʃəndijəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kukʃəndijeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kukʃəndijem |
| 2SG: | kukʃəndijet |
| 3SG: | kukʃəndijʒe |
| 1PL: | kukʃəndijna |
| 2PL: | kukʃəndijda |
| 3PL: | kukʃəndijəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kukʃəndij-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kukʃəndij-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kukʃəndijla |
| Sociative Plural: | kukʃəndijmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kukʃəndijem | kukʃəndij-βlak | kukʃəndij-βlakem, kukʃəndijem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kukʃəndijemən | kukʃəndij-βlakən | kukʃəndij-βlakemən, kukʃəndijem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kukʃəndijemlan, kukʃəndijlanem | kukʃəndij-βlaklan | kukʃəndij-βlakemlan, kukʃəndijem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kukʃəndijeməm | kukʃəndij-βlakəm | kukʃəndij-βlakeməm, kukʃəndijem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kukʃəndijemla, kukʃəndijlam | kukʃəndij-βlakla | kukʃəndij-βlakemla, kukʃəndijem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kukʃəndijemge | kukʃəndij-βlakge | kukʃəndij-βlakemge, kukʃəndijem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kukʃəndijəʃtem | kukʃəndij-βlakəʃte | kukʃəndij-βlakəʃtem, kukʃəndijem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kukʃəndijəʃkem | kukʃəndij-βlakəʃ(ke) | kukʃəndij-βlakəʃkem, kukʃəndijem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kukʃəndijeʃem | kukʃəndij-βlakeʃ | kukʃəndij-βlakeʃem, kukʃəndijem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||