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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kulakaj |
| Genitive: | kulakajən |
| Dative: | kulakajlan |
| Accusative: | kulakajəm |
| Comparative: | kulakajla |
| Comitative: | kulakajge |
| Inessive: | kulakajəʃte |
| Illative: | kulakajəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kulakajeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kulakajem |
| 2SG: | kulakajet |
| 3SG: | kulakajʒe |
| 1PL: | kulakajna |
| 2PL: | kulakajda |
| 3PL: | kulakajəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kulakaj-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kulakaj-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kulakajla |
| Sociative Plural: | kulakajmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kulakajem | kulakaj-βlak | kulakaj-βlakem, kulakajem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kulakajemən | kulakaj-βlakən | kulakaj-βlakemən, kulakajem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kulakajemlan, kulakajlanem | kulakaj-βlaklan | kulakaj-βlakemlan, kulakajem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kulakajeməm | kulakaj-βlakəm | kulakaj-βlakeməm, kulakajem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kulakajemla, kulakajlam | kulakaj-βlakla | kulakaj-βlakemla, kulakajem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kulakajemge | kulakaj-βlakge | kulakaj-βlakemge, kulakajem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kulakajəʃtem | kulakaj-βlakəʃte | kulakaj-βlakəʃtem, kulakajem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kulakajəʃkem | kulakaj-βlakəʃ(ke) | kulakaj-βlakəʃkem, kulakajem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kulakajeʃem | kulakaj-βlakeʃ | kulakaj-βlakeʃem, kulakajem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||