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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kula |
| Genitive: | kulan |
| Dative: | kulalan |
| Accusative: | kulam |
| Comparative: | kulala |
| Comitative: | kulage |
| Inessive: | kulašte |
| Illative: | kulaš(ke) |
| Lative: | kulaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kulam |
| 2SG: | kulat |
| 3SG: | kulaž(e) |
| 1PL: | kulana |
| 2PL: | kulada |
| 3PL: | kulašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kula-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kula-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kulala |
| Sociative Plural: | kulamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kulam | kula-βlak | kula-βlakem, kulam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kulamə̑n | kula-βlakə̑n | kula-βlakemə̑n, kulam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kulamlan, kulalanem | kula-βlaklan | kula-βlakemlan, kulam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kulamə̑m | kula-βlakə̑m | kula-βlakemə̑m, kulam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kulamla, kulalam | kula-βlakla | kula-βlakemla, kulam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kulamge | kula-βlakge | kula-βlakemge, kulam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kulaštem | kula-βlakə̑šte | kula-βlakə̑štem, kulam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kulaškem | kula-βlakə̑š(ke) | kula-βlakə̑škem, kulam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kulašem | kula-βlakeš | kula-βlakešem, kulam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||