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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kulaj |
| Genitive: | kulajən |
| Dative: | kulajlan |
| Accusative: | kulajəm |
| Comparative: | kulajla |
| Comitative: | kulajge |
| Inessive: | kulajəʃte |
| Illative: | kulajəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kulajeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kulajem |
| 2SG: | kulajet |
| 3SG: | kulajʒe |
| 1PL: | kulajna |
| 2PL: | kulajda |
| 3PL: | kulajəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kulaj-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kulaj-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kulajla |
| Sociative Plural: | kulajmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kulajem | kulaj-βlak | kulaj-βlakem, kulajem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kulajemən | kulaj-βlakən | kulaj-βlakemən, kulajem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kulajemlan, kulajlanem | kulaj-βlaklan | kulaj-βlakemlan, kulajem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kulajeməm | kulaj-βlakəm | kulaj-βlakeməm, kulajem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kulajemla, kulajlam | kulaj-βlakla | kulaj-βlakemla, kulajem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kulajemge | kulaj-βlakge | kulaj-βlakemge, kulajem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kulajəʃtem | kulaj-βlakəʃte | kulaj-βlakəʃtem, kulajem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kulajəʃkem | kulaj-βlakəʃ(ke) | kulaj-βlakəʃkem, kulajem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kulajeʃem | kulaj-βlakeʃ | kulaj-βlakeʃem, kulajem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||