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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kulak |
| Genitive: | kulakə̑n |
| Dative: | kulaklan |
| Accusative: | kulakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kulakla |
| Comitative: | kulakge |
| Inessive: | kulakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kulakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kulakeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kulakem |
| 2SG: | kulaket |
| 3SG: | kulakše |
| 1PL: | kulakna |
| 2PL: | kulakda |
| 3PL: | kulakə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kulak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kulak-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kulakla |
| Sociative Plural: | kulakmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kulakem | kulak-βlak | kulak-βlakem, kulakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kulakemə̑n | kulak-βlakə̑n | kulak-βlakemə̑n, kulakem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kulakemlan, kulaklanem | kulak-βlaklan | kulak-βlakemlan, kulakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kulakemə̑m | kulak-βlakə̑m | kulak-βlakemə̑m, kulakem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kulakemla, kulaklam | kulak-βlakla | kulak-βlakemla, kulakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kulakemge | kulak-βlakge | kulak-βlakemge, kulakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kulakə̑štem | kulak-βlakə̑šte | kulak-βlakə̑štem, kulakem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kulakə̑škem | kulak-βlakə̑š(ke) | kulak-βlakə̑škem, kulakem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kulakešem | kulak-βlakeš | kulak-βlakešem, kulakem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||