Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ● Nominal ○ Verb ○ Postposition
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.


Case Suffixes

Nominative:kulap
Genitive:kulapə̑n
Dative:kulaplan
Accusative:kulapə̑m
Comparative:kulapla
Comitative:kulapge
Inessive:kulapə̑šte
Illative:kulapə̑š(ke)
Lative:kulapeš

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:kulapem
2SG:kulapet
3SG:kulapše
1PL:kulapna
2PL:kulapda
3PL:kulapə̑št

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):kulap-βlak
Plural (2):kulap-šamə̑č́
Short Plural:kulapla
Sociative Plural:kulapmə̑t

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:kulapemkulap-βlakkulap-βlakem,
kulapem-βlak
Genitive:kulapemə̑nkulap-βlakə̑nkulap-βlakemə̑n,
kulapem-βlakə̑n
Dative:kulapemlan,
kulaplanem
kulap-βlaklankulap-βlakemlan,
kulapem-βlaklan
Accusative:kulapemə̑mkulap-βlakə̑mkulap-βlakemə̑m,
kulapem-βlakə̑m
Comparative:kulapemla,
kulaplam
kulap-βlaklakulap-βlakemla,
kulapem-βlakla
Comitative:kulapemgekulap-βlakgekulap-βlakemge,
kulapem-βlakge
Inessive:kulapə̑štemkulap-βlakə̑štekulap-βlakə̑štem,
kulapem-βlakə̑šte
Illative:kulapə̑škemkulap-βlakə̑š(ke)kulap-βlakə̑škem,
kulapem-βlakə̑š(ke)
Lative:kulapešemkulap-βlakeškulap-βlakešem,
kulapem-βlakeš


Last update: 10 August 2023