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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kulap |
| Genitive: | kulapən |
| Dative: | kulaplan |
| Accusative: | kulapəm |
| Comparative: | kulapla |
| Comitative: | kulapge |
| Inessive: | kulapəʃte |
| Illative: | kulapəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kulapeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kulapem |
| 2SG: | kulapet |
| 3SG: | kulapʃe |
| 1PL: | kulapna |
| 2PL: | kulapda |
| 3PL: | kulapəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kulap-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kulap-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kulapla |
| Sociative Plural: | kulapmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kulapem | kulap-βlak | kulap-βlakem, kulapem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kulapemən | kulap-βlakən | kulap-βlakemən, kulapem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kulapemlan, kulaplanem | kulap-βlaklan | kulap-βlakemlan, kulapem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kulapeməm | kulap-βlakəm | kulap-βlakeməm, kulapem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kulapemla, kulaplam | kulap-βlakla | kulap-βlakemla, kulapem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kulapemge | kulap-βlakge | kulap-βlakemge, kulapem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kulapəʃtem | kulap-βlakəʃte | kulap-βlakəʃtem, kulapem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kulapəʃkem | kulap-βlakəʃ(ke) | kulap-βlakəʃkem, kulapem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kulapeʃem | kulap-βlakeʃ | kulap-βlakeʃem, kulapem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||