Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ● Nominal ○ Verb ○ Postposition
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.


Case Suffixes

Nominative:kulgan
Genitive:kulganə̑n
Dative:kulganlan
Accusative:kulganə̑m
Comparative:kulganla
Comitative:kulgange
Inessive:kulganə̑šte
Illative:kulganə̑š(ke)
Lative:kulganeš

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:kulganem
2SG:kulganet
3SG:kulganže
1PL:kulganna
2PL:kulganda
3PL:kulganə̑št

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):kulgan-βlak
Plural (2):kulgan-šamə̑č́
Short Plural:kulganla
Sociative Plural:kulganmə̑t

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:kulganemkulgan-βlakkulgan-βlakem,
kulganem-βlak
Genitive:kulganemə̑nkulgan-βlakə̑nkulgan-βlakemə̑n,
kulganem-βlakə̑n
Dative:kulganemlan,
kulganlanem
kulgan-βlaklankulgan-βlakemlan,
kulganem-βlaklan
Accusative:kulganemə̑mkulgan-βlakə̑mkulgan-βlakemə̑m,
kulganem-βlakə̑m
Comparative:kulganemla,
kulganlam
kulgan-βlaklakulgan-βlakemla,
kulganem-βlakla
Comitative:kulganemgekulgan-βlakgekulgan-βlakemge,
kulganem-βlakge
Inessive:kulganə̑štemkulgan-βlakə̑štekulgan-βlakə̑štem,
kulganem-βlakə̑šte
Illative:kulganə̑škemkulgan-βlakə̑š(ke)kulgan-βlakə̑škem,
kulganem-βlakə̑š(ke)
Lative:kulganešemkulgan-βlakeškulgan-βlakešem,
kulganem-βlakeš


Last update: 10 August 2023