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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kulgan |
| Genitive: | kulganən |
| Dative: | kulganlan |
| Accusative: | kulganəm |
| Comparative: | kulganla |
| Comitative: | kulgange |
| Inessive: | kulganəʃte |
| Illative: | kulganəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kulganeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kulganem |
| 2SG: | kulganet |
| 3SG: | kulganʒe |
| 1PL: | kulganːa |
| 2PL: | kulganda |
| 3PL: | kulganəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kulgan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kulgan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kulganla |
| Sociative Plural: | kulganmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kulganem | kulgan-βlak | kulgan-βlakem, kulganem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kulganemən | kulgan-βlakən | kulgan-βlakemən, kulganem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kulganemlan, kulganlanem | kulgan-βlaklan | kulgan-βlakemlan, kulganem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kulganeməm | kulgan-βlakəm | kulgan-βlakeməm, kulganem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kulganemla, kulganlam | kulgan-βlakla | kulgan-βlakemla, kulganem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kulganemge | kulgan-βlakge | kulgan-βlakemge, kulganem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kulganəʃtem | kulgan-βlakəʃte | kulgan-βlakəʃtem, kulganem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kulganəʃkem | kulgan-βlakəʃ(ke) | kulgan-βlakəʃkem, kulganem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kulganeʃem | kulgan-βlakeʃ | kulgan-βlakeʃem, kulganem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||