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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kumala |
| Genitive: | kumalan |
| Dative: | kumalalan |
| Accusative: | kumalam |
| Comparative: | kumalala |
| Comitative: | kumalage |
| Inessive: | kumalaʃte |
| Illative: | kumalaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kumalaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kumalam |
| 2SG: | kumalat |
| 3SG: | kumalaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kumalana |
| 2PL: | kumalada |
| 3PL: | kumalaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kumala-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kumala-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kumalala |
| Sociative Plural: | kumalamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kumalam | kumala-βlak | kumala-βlakem, kumalam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kumalamən | kumala-βlakən | kumala-βlakemən, kumalam-βlakən |
| Dative: | kumalamlan, kumalalanem | kumala-βlaklan | kumala-βlakemlan, kumalam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kumalaməm | kumala-βlakəm | kumala-βlakeməm, kumalam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kumalamla, kumalalam | kumala-βlakla | kumala-βlakemla, kumalam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kumalamge | kumala-βlakge | kumala-βlakemge, kumalam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kumalaʃtem | kumala-βlakəʃte | kumala-βlakəʃtem, kumalam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kumalaʃkem | kumala-βlakəʃ(ke) | kumala-βlakəʃkem, kumalam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kumalaʃem | kumala-βlakeʃ | kumala-βlakeʃem, kumalam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||