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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kumalmaʃ |
Genitive: | kumalmaʃən |
Dative: | kumalmaʃlan |
Accusative: | kumalmaʃəm |
Comparative: | kumalmaʃla |
Comitative: | kumalmaʃge |
Inessive: | kumalmaʃte, kumalmaʃəʃte |
Illative: | kumalmaʃke, kumalmaʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kumalmaʃeʃ |
1SG: | kumalmaʃem |
2SG: | kumalmaʃet |
3SG: | kumalmaʃːe, kumalmaʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | kumalmaʃna |
2PL: | kumalmaʃda |
3PL: | kumalmaʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | kumalmaʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | kumalmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kumalmaʃla |
Sociative Plural: | kumalmaʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kumalmaʃem | kumalmaʃ-βlak | kumalmaʃ-βlakem, kumalmaʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | kumalmaʃemən | kumalmaʃ-βlakən | kumalmaʃ-βlakemən, kumalmaʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | kumalmaʃemlan, kumalmaʃlanem | kumalmaʃ-βlaklan | kumalmaʃ-βlakemlan, kumalmaʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kumalmaʃeməm | kumalmaʃ-βlakəm | kumalmaʃ-βlakeməm, kumalmaʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kumalmaʃemla, kumalmaʃlam | kumalmaʃ-βlakla | kumalmaʃ-βlakemla, kumalmaʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | kumalmaʃemge | kumalmaʃ-βlakge | kumalmaʃ-βlakemge, kumalmaʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | kumalmaʃtem, kumalmaʃəʃtem | kumalmaʃ-βlakəʃte | kumalmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, kumalmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kumalmaʃkem, kumalmaʃəʃkem | kumalmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | kumalmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, kumalmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kumalmaʃeʃem | kumalmaʃ-βlakeʃ | kumalmaʃ-βlakeʃem, kumalmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
Last update: 10 August 2023 |