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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kumalʃe |
| Genitive: | kumalʃən |
| Dative: | kumalʃəlan |
| Accusative: | kumalʃəm |
| Comparative: | kumalʃəla |
| Comitative: | kumalʃəge |
| Inessive: | kumalʃəʃte |
| Illative: | kumalʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kumalʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kumalʃem |
| 2SG: | kumalʃet |
| 3SG: | kumalʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kumalʃəna |
| 2PL: | kumalʃəda |
| 3PL: | kumalʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kumalʃe-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kumalʃe-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kumalʃəla |
| Sociative Plural: | kumalʃəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kumalʃem | kumalʃe-βlak | kumalʃe-βlakem, kumalʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kumalʃemən | kumalʃe-βlakən | kumalʃe-βlakemən, kumalʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kumalʃemlan, kumalʃəlanem | kumalʃe-βlaklan | kumalʃe-βlakemlan, kumalʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kumalʃeməm | kumalʃe-βlakəm | kumalʃe-βlakeməm, kumalʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kumalʃemla, kumalʃəlam | kumalʃe-βlakla | kumalʃe-βlakemla, kumalʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kumalʃemge | kumalʃe-βlakge | kumalʃe-βlakemge, kumalʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kumalʃəʃtem | kumalʃe-βlakəʃte | kumalʃe-βlakəʃtem, kumalʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kumalʃəʃkem | kumalʃe-βlakəʃ(ke) | kumalʃe-βlakəʃkem, kumalʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kumalʃeʃem | kumalʃe-βlakeʃ | kumalʃe-βlakeʃem, kumalʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||