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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kumdaŋʃan |
| Genitive: | kumdaŋʃanən |
| Dative: | kumdaŋʃanlan |
| Accusative: | kumdaŋʃanəm |
| Comparative: | kumdaŋʃanla |
| Comitative: | kumdaŋʃange |
| Inessive: | kumdaŋʃanəʃte |
| Illative: | kumdaŋʃanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kumdaŋʃaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kumdaŋʃanem |
| 2SG: | kumdaŋʃanet |
| 3SG: | kumdaŋʃanʒe |
| 1PL: | kumdaŋʃanːa |
| 2PL: | kumdaŋʃanda |
| 3PL: | kumdaŋʃanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kumdaŋʃan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kumdaŋʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kumdaŋʃanla |
| Sociative Plural: | kumdaŋʃanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kumdaŋʃanem | kumdaŋʃan-βlak | kumdaŋʃan-βlakem, kumdaŋʃanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kumdaŋʃanemən | kumdaŋʃan-βlakən | kumdaŋʃan-βlakemən, kumdaŋʃanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kumdaŋʃanemlan, kumdaŋʃanlanem | kumdaŋʃan-βlaklan | kumdaŋʃan-βlakemlan, kumdaŋʃanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kumdaŋʃaneməm | kumdaŋʃan-βlakəm | kumdaŋʃan-βlakeməm, kumdaŋʃanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kumdaŋʃanemla, kumdaŋʃanlam | kumdaŋʃan-βlakla | kumdaŋʃan-βlakemla, kumdaŋʃanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kumdaŋʃanemge | kumdaŋʃan-βlakge | kumdaŋʃan-βlakemge, kumdaŋʃanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kumdaŋʃanəʃtem | kumdaŋʃan-βlakəʃte | kumdaŋʃan-βlakəʃtem, kumdaŋʃanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kumdaŋʃanəʃkem | kumdaŋʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | kumdaŋʃan-βlakəʃkem, kumdaŋʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kumdaŋʃaneʃem | kumdaŋʃan-βlakeʃ | kumdaŋʃan-βlakeʃem, kumdaŋʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||