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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kumkalə̑maš |
| Genitive: | kumkalə̑mašə̑n |
| Dative: | kumkalə̑mašlan |
| Accusative: | kumkalə̑mašə̑m |
| Comparative: | kumkalə̑mašla |
| Comitative: | kumkalə̑mašge |
| Inessive: | kumkalə̑mašte, kumkalə̑mašə̑šte |
| Illative: | kumkalə̑maške, kumkalə̑mašə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kumkalə̑mašeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kumkalə̑mašem |
| 2SG: | kumkalə̑mašet |
| 3SG: | kumkalə̑mašše, kumkalə̑mašə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | kumkalə̑mašna |
| 2PL: | kumkalə̑mašda |
| 3PL: | kumkalə̑mašə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kumkalə̑maš-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kumkalə̑maš-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kumkalə̑mašla |
| Sociative Plural: | kumkalə̑mašmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kumkalə̑mašem | kumkalə̑maš-βlak | kumkalə̑maš-βlakem, kumkalə̑mašem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kumkalə̑mašemə̑n | kumkalə̑maš-βlakə̑n | kumkalə̑maš-βlakemə̑n, kumkalə̑mašem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kumkalə̑mašemlan, kumkalə̑mašlanem | kumkalə̑maš-βlaklan | kumkalə̑maš-βlakemlan, kumkalə̑mašem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kumkalə̑mašemə̑m | kumkalə̑maš-βlakə̑m | kumkalə̑maš-βlakemə̑m, kumkalə̑mašem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kumkalə̑mašemla, kumkalə̑mašlam | kumkalə̑maš-βlakla | kumkalə̑maš-βlakemla, kumkalə̑mašem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kumkalə̑mašemge | kumkalə̑maš-βlakge | kumkalə̑maš-βlakemge, kumkalə̑mašem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kumkalə̑maštem, kumkalə̑mašə̑štem | kumkalə̑maš-βlakə̑šte | kumkalə̑maš-βlakə̑štem, kumkalə̑mašem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kumkalə̑maškem, kumkalə̑mašə̑škem | kumkalə̑maš-βlakə̑š(ke) | kumkalə̑maš-βlakə̑škem, kumkalə̑mašem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kumkalə̑mašešem | kumkalə̑maš-βlakeš | kumkalə̑maš-βlakešem, kumkalə̑mašem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||