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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kupaŋmaʃ |
| Genitive: | kupaŋmaʃən |
| Dative: | kupaŋmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | kupaŋmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | kupaŋmaʃla |
| Comitative: | kupaŋmaʃge |
| Inessive: | kupaŋmaʃte, kupaŋmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | kupaŋmaʃke, kupaŋmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupaŋmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kupaŋmaʃem |
| 2SG: | kupaŋmaʃet |
| 3SG: | kupaŋmaʃːe, kupaŋmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kupaŋmaʃna |
| 2PL: | kupaŋmaʃda |
| 3PL: | kupaŋmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kupaŋmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kupaŋmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kupaŋmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | kupaŋmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kupaŋmaʃem | kupaŋmaʃ-βlak | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakem, kupaŋmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kupaŋmaʃemən | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakən | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakemən, kupaŋmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kupaŋmaʃemlan, kupaŋmaʃlanem | kupaŋmaʃ-βlaklan | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakemlan, kupaŋmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kupaŋmaʃeməm | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakəm | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakeməm, kupaŋmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kupaŋmaʃemla, kupaŋmaʃlam | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakla | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakemla, kupaŋmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kupaŋmaʃemge | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakge | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakemge, kupaŋmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kupaŋmaʃtem, kupaŋmaʃəʃtem | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃte | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, kupaŋmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kupaŋmaʃkem, kupaŋmaʃəʃkem | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, kupaŋmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupaŋmaʃeʃem | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakeʃ | kupaŋmaʃ-βlakeʃem, kupaŋmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||