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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kupan |
| Genitive: | kupanən |
| Dative: | kupanlan |
| Accusative: | kupanəm |
| Comparative: | kupanla |
| Comitative: | kupange |
| Inessive: | kupanəʃte |
| Illative: | kupanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kupanem |
| 2SG: | kupanet |
| 3SG: | kupanʒe |
| 1PL: | kupanːa |
| 2PL: | kupanda |
| 3PL: | kupanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kupan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kupan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kupanla |
| Sociative Plural: | kupanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kupanem | kupan-βlak | kupan-βlakem, kupanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kupanemən | kupan-βlakən | kupan-βlakemən, kupanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kupanemlan, kupanlanem | kupan-βlaklan | kupan-βlakemlan, kupanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kupaneməm | kupan-βlakəm | kupan-βlakeməm, kupanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kupanemla, kupanlam | kupan-βlakla | kupan-βlakemla, kupanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kupanemge | kupan-βlakge | kupan-βlakemge, kupanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kupanəʃtem | kupan-βlakəʃte | kupan-βlakəʃtem, kupanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kupanəʃkem | kupan-βlakəʃ(ke) | kupan-βlakəʃkem, kupanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupaneʃem | kupan-βlakeʃ | kupan-βlakeʃem, kupanem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||