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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kupaš |
| Genitive: | kupašə̑n |
| Dative: | kupašlan |
| Accusative: | kupašə̑m |
| Comparative: | kupašla |
| Comitative: | kupašge |
| Inessive: | kupašte, kupašə̑šte |
| Illative: | kupaške, kupašə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kupašeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kupašem |
| 2SG: | kupašet |
| 3SG: | kupašše, kupašə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | kupašna |
| 2PL: | kupašda |
| 3PL: | kupašə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kupaš-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kupaš-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kupašla |
| Sociative Plural: | kupašmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kupašem | kupaš-βlak | kupaš-βlakem, kupašem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kupašemə̑n | kupaš-βlakə̑n | kupaš-βlakemə̑n, kupašem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kupašemlan, kupašlanem | kupaš-βlaklan | kupaš-βlakemlan, kupašem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kupašemə̑m | kupaš-βlakə̑m | kupaš-βlakemə̑m, kupašem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kupašemla, kupašlam | kupaš-βlakla | kupaš-βlakemla, kupašem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kupašemge | kupaš-βlakge | kupaš-βlakemge, kupašem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kupaštem, kupašə̑štem | kupaš-βlakə̑šte | kupaš-βlakə̑štem, kupašem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kupaškem, kupašə̑škem | kupaš-βlakə̑š(ke) | kupaš-βlakə̑škem, kupašem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kupašešem | kupaš-βlakeš | kupaš-βlakešem, kupašem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||