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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kupaʃ |
| Genitive: | kupaʃən |
| Dative: | kupaʃlan |
| Accusative: | kupaʃəm |
| Comparative: | kupaʃla |
| Comitative: | kupaʃge |
| Inessive: | kupaʃte, kupaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | kupaʃke, kupaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kupaʃem |
| 2SG: | kupaʃet |
| 3SG: | kupaʃːe, kupaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kupaʃna |
| 2PL: | kupaʃda |
| 3PL: | kupaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kupaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kupaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kupaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | kupaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kupaʃem | kupaʃ-βlak | kupaʃ-βlakem, kupaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kupaʃemən | kupaʃ-βlakən | kupaʃ-βlakemən, kupaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kupaʃemlan, kupaʃlanem | kupaʃ-βlaklan | kupaʃ-βlakemlan, kupaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kupaʃeməm | kupaʃ-βlakəm | kupaʃ-βlakeməm, kupaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kupaʃemla, kupaʃlam | kupaʃ-βlakla | kupaʃ-βlakemla, kupaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kupaʃemge | kupaʃ-βlakge | kupaʃ-βlakemge, kupaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kupaʃtem, kupaʃəʃtem | kupaʃ-βlakəʃte | kupaʃ-βlakəʃtem, kupaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kupaʃkem, kupaʃəʃkem | kupaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | kupaʃ-βlakəʃkem, kupaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupaʃeʃem | kupaʃ-βlakeʃ | kupaʃ-βlakeʃem, kupaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||