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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kupaŋše |
| Genitive: | kupaŋšə̑n |
| Dative: | kupaŋšə̑lan |
| Accusative: | kupaŋšə̑m |
| Comparative: | kupaŋšə̑la |
| Comitative: | kupaŋšə̑ge |
| Inessive: | kupaŋšə̑šte |
| Illative: | kupaŋšə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kupaŋšeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kupaŋšem |
| 2SG: | kupaŋšet |
| 3SG: | kupaŋšə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | kupaŋšə̑na |
| 2PL: | kupaŋšə̑da |
| 3PL: | kupaŋšə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kupaŋše-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kupaŋše-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kupaŋšə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | kupaŋšə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kupaŋšem | kupaŋše-βlak | kupaŋše-βlakem, kupaŋšem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kupaŋšemə̑n | kupaŋše-βlakə̑n | kupaŋše-βlakemə̑n, kupaŋšem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kupaŋšemlan, kupaŋšə̑lanem | kupaŋše-βlaklan | kupaŋše-βlakemlan, kupaŋšem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kupaŋšemə̑m | kupaŋše-βlakə̑m | kupaŋše-βlakemə̑m, kupaŋšem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kupaŋšemla, kupaŋšə̑lam | kupaŋše-βlakla | kupaŋše-βlakemla, kupaŋšem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kupaŋšemge | kupaŋše-βlakge | kupaŋše-βlakemge, kupaŋšem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kupaŋšə̑štem | kupaŋše-βlakə̑šte | kupaŋše-βlakə̑štem, kupaŋšem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kupaŋšə̑škem | kupaŋše-βlakə̑š(ke) | kupaŋše-βlakə̑škem, kupaŋšem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kupaŋšešem | kupaŋše-βlakeš | kupaŋše-βlakešem, kupaŋšem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||