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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kupe |
| Genitive: | kupen |
| Dative: | kupelan |
| Accusative: | kupem |
| Comparative: | kupela |
| Comitative: | kupege |
| Inessive: | kupeʃte |
| Illative: | kupeʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kupem |
| 2SG: | kupet |
| 3SG: | kupeʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kupena |
| 2PL: | kupeda |
| 3PL: | kupeʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kupe-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kupe-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kupela |
| Sociative Plural: | kupemət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kupem | kupe-βlak | kupe-βlakem, kupem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kupemən | kupe-βlakən | kupe-βlakemən, kupem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kupemlan, kupelanem | kupe-βlaklan | kupe-βlakemlan, kupem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kupeməm | kupe-βlakəm | kupe-βlakeməm, kupem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kupemla, kupelam | kupe-βlakla | kupe-βlakemla, kupem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kupemge | kupe-βlakge | kupe-βlakemge, kupem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kupeʃtem | kupe-βlakəʃte | kupe-βlakəʃtem, kupem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kupeʃkem | kupe-βlakəʃ(ke) | kupe-βlakəʃkem, kupem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupeʃem | kupe-βlakeʃ | kupe-βlakeʃem, kupem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||