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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kupːapka |
| Genitive: | kupːapkan |
| Dative: | kupːapkalan |
| Accusative: | kupːapkam |
| Comparative: | kupːapkala |
| Comitative: | kupːapkage |
| Inessive: | kupːapkaʃte |
| Illative: | kupːapkaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupːapkaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kupːapkam |
| 2SG: | kupːapkat |
| 3SG: | kupːapkaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kupːapkana |
| 2PL: | kupːapkada |
| 3PL: | kupːapkaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kupːapka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kupːapka-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kupːapkala |
| Sociative Plural: | kupːapkamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kupːapkam | kupːapka-βlak | kupːapka-βlakem, kupːapkam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kupːapkamən | kupːapka-βlakən | kupːapka-βlakemən, kupːapkam-βlakən |
| Dative: | kupːapkamlan, kupːapkalanem | kupːapka-βlaklan | kupːapka-βlakemlan, kupːapkam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kupːapkaməm | kupːapka-βlakəm | kupːapka-βlakeməm, kupːapkam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kupːapkamla, kupːapkalam | kupːapka-βlakla | kupːapka-βlakemla, kupːapkam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kupːapkamge | kupːapka-βlakge | kupːapka-βlakemge, kupːapkam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kupːapkaʃtem | kupːapka-βlakəʃte | kupːapka-βlakəʃtem, kupːapkam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kupːapkaʃkem | kupːapka-βlakəʃ(ke) | kupːapka-βlakəʃkem, kupːapkam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupːapkaʃem | kupːapka-βlakeʃ | kupːapka-βlakeʃem, kupːapkam-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||