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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kuptumna |
| Genitive: | kuptumnan |
| Dative: | kuptumnalan |
| Accusative: | kuptumnam |
| Comparative: | kuptumnala |
| Comitative: | kuptumnage |
| Inessive: | kuptumnaʃte |
| Illative: | kuptumnaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kuptumnaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kuptumnam |
| 2SG: | kuptumnat |
| 3SG: | kuptumnaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kuptumnana |
| 2PL: | kuptumnada |
| 3PL: | kuptumnaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kuptumna-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kuptumna-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kuptumnala |
| Sociative Plural: | kuptumnamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kuptumnam | kuptumna-βlak | kuptumna-βlakem, kuptumnam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kuptumnamən | kuptumna-βlakən | kuptumna-βlakemən, kuptumnam-βlakən |
| Dative: | kuptumnamlan, kuptumnalanem | kuptumna-βlaklan | kuptumna-βlakemlan, kuptumnam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kuptumnaməm | kuptumna-βlakəm | kuptumna-βlakeməm, kuptumnam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kuptumnamla, kuptumnalam | kuptumna-βlakla | kuptumna-βlakemla, kuptumnam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kuptumnamge | kuptumna-βlakge | kuptumna-βlakemge, kuptumnam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kuptumnaʃtem | kuptumna-βlakəʃte | kuptumna-βlakəʃtem, kuptumnam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kuptumnaʃkem | kuptumna-βlakəʃ(ke) | kuptumna-βlakəʃkem, kuptumnam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kuptumnaʃem | kuptumna-βlakeʃ | kuptumna-βlakeʃem, kuptumnam-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||