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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kupʃaka |
| Genitive: | kupʃakan |
| Dative: | kupʃakalan |
| Accusative: | kupʃakam |
| Comparative: | kupʃakala |
| Comitative: | kupʃakage |
| Inessive: | kupʃakaʃte |
| Illative: | kupʃakaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupʃakaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kupʃakam |
| 2SG: | kupʃakat |
| 3SG: | kupʃakaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kupʃakana |
| 2PL: | kupʃakada |
| 3PL: | kupʃakaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kupʃaka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kupʃaka-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kupʃakala |
| Sociative Plural: | kupʃakamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kupʃakam | kupʃaka-βlak | kupʃaka-βlakem, kupʃakam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kupʃakamən | kupʃaka-βlakən | kupʃaka-βlakemən, kupʃakam-βlakən |
| Dative: | kupʃakamlan, kupʃakalanem | kupʃaka-βlaklan | kupʃaka-βlakemlan, kupʃakam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kupʃakaməm | kupʃaka-βlakəm | kupʃaka-βlakeməm, kupʃakam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kupʃakamla, kupʃakalam | kupʃaka-βlakla | kupʃaka-βlakemla, kupʃakam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kupʃakamge | kupʃaka-βlakge | kupʃaka-βlakemge, kupʃakam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kupʃakaʃtem | kupʃaka-βlakəʃte | kupʃaka-βlakəʃtem, kupʃakam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kupʃakaʃkem | kupʃaka-βlakəʃ(ke) | kupʃaka-βlakəʃkem, kupʃakam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kupʃakaʃem | kupʃaka-βlakeʃ | kupʃaka-βlakeʃem, kupʃakam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||